Operating Activities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 261 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Investment Essay Did you like this example? 1) What are the examples of operating activities occured in a company? An accounting of funds related to the companys operations, reported on the cash flow statement of a companys annual report. This figure is calculated by adjusting net income to reflect depreciation expenses, deferred taxes, accounts payable, accounts receivable, and any extraordinary items. It shows how much money the company received from its actual business operations. This does not include cash received from other sources, such as investments. The examples of operating activities include the production, sales and delivery of the companys product as well as collecting payment from its customers. This could include purchasing raw materials, building inventory, advertising, and shipping the product. The other operating cash flows include: * Receipts from the sale of goods or services * Receipts for the sale of loans, debt or equity instruments in a trading portfolio * Interest received on loans * Divide nds received on equity securities * Payments to suppliers for goods and services * Payments to employees or on behalf of employees Interest payments (alternatively, this can be reported under financing activities in IAS 7, and US GAAP) 2) Did all companies have operating activities? YES 3) Did all operating activities come from the core business of providing sales/service? No. This cash flow activities operating section comes first and tells you how much the companies generated from core business as oppose of peripheral activities such as investing and borrowing. This is the area that you should focus because it paints the best pictures of how bell the firm’s business operation are producing that will ultimately benefit to shareholders. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Operating Activities" essay for you Create order

Economic Inequality Of The United States - 1435 Words

In 2013, President Obama asserted that the growing income gap in the United States is a â€Å"defining challenge of our time†. Economic inequality consistently ranks amongst the greatest concerns of voters and is the subject of growing national and international attention. As such, explorations of rising inequality are not new. Where the readings are revelatory, however, is in their efforts to expose the fallacy that economic distribution, be it the hyper-concentration of wealth at the top or the existence of poverty at the bottom, is ‘natural’, nothing more than an economic reality caused by ‘inevitable shifts in [the] economy driven by global, universal pressures’ (Hacker Pierson, 4). Instead, the authors posit that economic inequality is ‘largely a product of political decisions and institutions that generate and sustain a sharply unequal distribution of wealth and resources’ (Williams, 569). Politically Suspect In Winner-Take-All Politics, Hacker and Pierson look at the evolving bifurcation of society not into â€Å"haves† and â€Å"have nots†, but into the â€Å"have-it-alls† and other Americans. Their book is dominated by a whodunnit-like search for answers to the â€Å"three big mysteries† such a conclusion poses; who, how and why (Hacker Pierson, 41). The underlying argument is that economic disparity in the United States of America is caused by a combination of political action and inaction. Hacker and Pierson focus on the importance of policy-creation, as opposed to electoralShow MoreRelatedEconomic Inequality Of The United States1696 Words   |  7 PagesEconomic Inequality Paper Homelessness is one of the main problems plaguing the United States today, with low income earners at a higher risk of becoming homeless than previous years. 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The Health and Well-Being of HIV Issues in Society Concerning Nursing Care Essay Sample free essay sample

Abstraction Ever since acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) was first recognized 20 old ages ago. singular advancement has been made in bettering the quality and continuance of life of individuals with HIV infection. During the first decennary. this advancement was associated with acknowledgment of chances disease procedures. more effectual therapy for complications of prophylaxis against common timeserving infections ( OIs ) . HIV infection is an infective disease ; hence. it is of import to understand how HIV integrates itself into a person’s immune system and how unsusceptibility plays a function in the class of infection. Awareness in this disease is indispensable particularly when giving attention and set uping wellness attention function for the patient. The Health and Well-Being of HIV: Issues in Society Concerning Nursing Care Introduction Problem and its Background Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is a turning job throughout the universe that requires human-centered attending. The World Health Organization ( WHO ) estimates that several million grownups are infected with HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Health and Well-Being of HIV: Issues in Society Concerning Nursing Care Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The HIV patient’s wellness and wellbeing have been enveloped by contentions refering to care favoritism and function changes ( Chenoweth. 2007 p. 53 ) . Due to the infective character of this disease. assorted societal and emotional changes have occurred to both sides affected by the status. wellness attention supplier and the HIV patient. As ascertained. the traits of HIV itself have altered and presented reluctance. in footings of attention. over the wellness attention suppliers. most particularly the nurses. However. bit by bit. the nursing function towards these HIV patients have shifted and revolutionized through the modernisation and betterment of consciousness over the status of HIV. As the modern age attacks. the nursing functions have acquired its ain topographic point for the improvement of HIV patient as its primary end of attention. The betterment of medical attention itself. specifically. through commissariats of assorted infection control safeguards. AIDS and Communicable Disease Precaution plans. and the constitution of medical surveies and research sing the status. hold made the alteration of nursing functions a batch more flexible. The uncertainty of danger and the anxiousness towards attention have been alleviated through the betterment of forecast ; hence. lending to the alteration of nursing functions ( O’Donnell. 2005 ) . Scope and Restriction As for this paper. we shall concentrate on the alteration of functions of nurses by analysing the past discriminatory conditions and functions of attention. and how did it come on towards the current medical attention. The paper shall reexamine. interpret and analyzes the relationships between alterations of nursing function and the betterment of medical scientific discipline every bit good as forecast towards HIV instances. The wellness issue in footings of the patient’s wellbeing and personal wellness shall be addressed in the survey. The treatment shall go around on the imposed aims of the survey. Discussion Footing of Importance The construct of Healthy Peoples in 2010 has proposed ends that address the targeted results of wellness position in the following few old ages. The primary ends comprise the publicity of quality of life. and the negation and declaration of the unfairness involved in wellness attention direction. The two major ends of this plan are the undermentioned ( beginning: World Wide Web. healthypeople. gov ) : Goal 1: Increase Quality and Years of Healthy Life The first end of Healthy People 2010 is to assist persons of all ages increase life anticipation and better their quality of life. Goal 2: Eliminate Health Disparities The 2nd end of Healthy People 2010 is to extinguish wellness disparities among different sections of the population. The imposed end. peculiarly the riddance of disparities. concerns the happening wellness attention favoritism of the HIV patient attention. The stigma in the populace is still present due to inadequate information and assorted cultural recreations. Sad to state. nevertheless. there are times that even wellness attention suppliers discriminate the public assistance of such patients ( Grimes A ; Holzemer. 2005 ) . In the yesteryear. the conditions of HIV patients have faced enormous favoritism. societal shame and unequal wellness attention proviso chiefly because of the features of the disease itself. The society has gain broad stigma and fright over the communicability of this disease. Misconceptions and incorrect impressions. such as false information particularly about manners of transmittal. impaired consciousness about the disease itself. and anxiousness of familial shame. have caused the build-up of a great society quandary towards the disease. The thought and position of attention given to these HIV patients before are purely less and in some instances. are non even accepted in other infirmary because of the impact of AIDS/ HIV stigma. The nursing function of patient attention administered by the nurses has been affected by the social position towards the disease ( Poindexter. 2005 ) . During this clip. consciousness and medical cognition about the disease itself have non yet expanded and spread in the society. Because of this. farther stigma that labels AIDS patient as sex nuts. fetish-dirty persons and ill respected individuals has enhanced the social force per unit area for these patients. Therefore. nursing attention started to blemish back due to the huge discriminatory impression about this status. Furthermore. there are no present tools. appliance and most particularly direct remedy for this status ( Lane. 2002 ) . These factors have greatly bring on the deprived attention conditions of the patient since. nurses’ functions and attention places are non yet established at this minute. Gradually. medical research and surveies has been conducted with the purpose of understanding the conditions. mechanisms and systems involve in the causing of AIDS. They have found out the nucleus of the job. HIV-retrovirus. and the primary system afflicted. which is the immune system. They have found out the possible agencies of disease transmittal from the host. point of issue. manner of transmittal. portal of entry and to the other susceptible host. The organic structure of AIDS/ HIV consciousness has been established. and with this. the possible attention steps for HIV patients have started to develop ( Herek. 2002 ) . However. even with the huge technological promotion. still. the societal contention of AIDS favoritism is still present in the society. The attention of these patients is greatly compromised due to the favoritism nowadays. Epidemiology Surveies Health publicity requires the cognition of the instance proper in order to supply equal and appropriate planning and intercessions to be incorporated in the plan proper. The status of HIV preponderantly strikes males than females. as for the instance of homosexualism. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) estimates that 1 out of 260 Americans has HIV ; hence. it is possible that at least one employee from a worksite contains the virus or HIV positive ( Chenoweth. 2007 p. 53 ) . Between 1981 ( the beginning of the AIDS epidemic ) and 2001. sum of 816. 149 AIDS instances in the United States have been reported to CDC in Atlanta. Georgia. Of these instances. about 467. 910 amounting to 57 % have died. Largely. the sexually active homosexual males have been the primary stricken group and presently represent about 45 % of these reported instances. Another 25 % of the instances are or have been male or female injection drug users and 6 % have come from homosexual drug users. Last. heterosexual transmittal. birth or by blood transfusion during the period when the American blood supply are non monitored for HIV antibodies ( 1981-1985 ) ( Dutt. 2003 p. 105 ) . Helping on the Issue: Interventions Made Health practicians may still hold fright and anxiousness about disease transmittal despite instruction refering infection control and the low incidence of transmittal to wellness attention suppliers. Practitioners are encouraged to analyze their personal beliefs and utilize the procedure of values elucidation to near controversial issues. The American Nurses Association’s Code for Nurses can besides be used to assist decide ethical quandaries that might impact the quality of attention given to HIV-infected patients. The coming of medical betterments has led to the alteration of wellness provider’s functions from discriminatory nature to caring attitude. Furthermore. the stigma over these persons has greatly reduced as compared from the yesteryear. In fact. in the United States. the stigma of HIV/ AIDS has been observed worsening ; nevertheless. some parts of the populace are still incognizant of the HIV worlds and still keep assorted misconceptions particularly in footings of disease transmittal ( Lane. 2002 ) . The construct of wellness instruction is really indispensable in order to relieve the misconception happening in the populace. Cultural Similarities and Differences Each civilization possesses different position and agencies of wellness attention direction over these HIV patients. Nurses in all scenes will be called to supply attention for patients with HIV infection. In making so. they encounter non merely the physical challenges of the epidemic but besides emotional and ethical concerns. The concerns raised by wellness attention professionals involve issue such as fright of infection. duty for giving attention. values elucidation. and confidentiality. development phases of patients and health professionals. and hapless predictive results. In the developing cultural diversenesss. peculiarly 3rd universe state hospital scenes. the medical precautional steps are non yet to the full equip ; hence. the wellness attention suppliers still suffer the quandary brought by the said instance. The instance of HIV are chiefly dominant in the state of southern Africa. and the favoritism of these people. particularly those who are shacking in the hot topographic point countries of the disease. are greatly manifested. Similar to the other Asiatic states. such as the Philippines. China. and Thailand. still comprehends the disease as a dishonoring status. afflicting non merely the person but besides the household itself ( Dutt. 2003 p. 97 ) . Health Issue at Home A ; Classroom Parental and educational houses play an of import function in order to decide the status of HIV attention favoritism. The wellness instruction of the disease itself is one of the important information that needs to be taught in such topographic points. Health instruction facilitates understanding of the said issue. and rectification of the misconception nowadays. Since the primary beginning of cardinal instruction is non-other than places. parents are held responsible for the behavioural and cognitive alteration of their family members in conformity to the misconception of the disease. The parents should show the status in an enlightening and positive manner in order to forestall farther negative deductions of the disease. It is besides of import for the parents to guarantee that their cognition is decently equipped before showing the corrections to such misconceptions. Educators and teachers in educational house should stress the societal issue in this wellness aspect clearly in their pupils. It is indispensable that these pedagogues possess equal information of the disease in order for them to ease rectification of the prejudiced behaviors. Stress that wellness attention is ethically and morally for every person ; hence. AIDS/HIV patients are non to be discriminated. but instead be treated suitably. and adequately. Support Systems: Public and Private Organizations The AIDS A ; Coalition Silicon Valley is one of the local bureaus that caters to the legal. fiscal. medical and attention demands of the AIDS patients. They conduct assorted support plans. wellness instruction classs. medical mission. etc. in assistance of those AIDS/HIV patients. They can be contacted in the undermentioned inside informations: Web Site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. aidscoalition. org/index. php Mailing Address: AIDS Coalition Silicon Valley Walk for AIDS Silicon Valley 1922 The Alameda Suite 218 San Jose. California 95126 Telephone: 408-451-WALK ( 408-451-9255 ) or 408-248-7420 Facsimile: 408-248-7423 Another organisation that promotes the public assistance of AIDS patients is the international United Nations’ UNAIDS. The organisation caters to the legal. rights and attention direction of the HIV patients worldwide. They can be contact via the following inside informations. Web Site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. unaids. org/en/ Mailing Address: 20. Avenue Appia CH-1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland Telephone: +41. 22. 791. 3666 Facsimile: +41. 22. 791. 4187 Mention Bakken. S. . Grimes. R. . A ; Holzemer. W. ( 2005. January 22 ) . Utility of a standardised nursing nomenclature to measure dose and tailoring of an HIV/AIDS attachment intercession.Journal of Nursing Scholarship Chenoweth. D. H. ( 2007 ) .Worksite Health Promotion. Human Kintetics Publication. Dutt. A. K. ( 2003 ) .Challenges to Asiatic Urbanization in the twenty-first Century. Springer. ( n. d. ) .Healthy Poeple in 2010. Retrieved November 20. 2007. from Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. healthypeople. gov/ Herek. G. ( 2002. January 1 ) . Thinking about AIDS and stigma: A psychologist’s position.The Journal of Law. Medicine A ; Ethical motives Lane. T. ( 2002. July 1 ) . HIV-related stigma falls. but some misperceptions about transmittal persist.Positions on Sexual and Reproductive Health O’Donnell. M. . A ; Zelnick. J. ( 2005. January 1 ) . The Impact of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic on Hospital Nurses in KwaZulu Natal. South Africa: Nurses’ Perspectives and Implications for Health Policy.Journal of Public Health Policy Poindexter. C. ( 2005. February 1 ) . The king of beasts at the gate: an HIV-affected health professional resists stigma.Health and Social Work

WooCommerce vs Magento Which Is the Best E-Commerce Platform

WooCommerce vs Magento – both pack a punch when it comes to features, as well as being  wildly popular. Its not easy to pick an overall winner, and weighing up the features of each platform could leave you scratching your head in confusion, while leaving your customers without a way to purchase from your site.Fortunately, were here to help you make an informed decision. Theres no one ultimate solution when it comes to e-commerce, but you can always make the right choice for  your unique needs – as long as you have all the facts at hand.Every platform has their own group of  die-hard supporters championing its cause, and claiming its the best. We decided to wade  through the noise  and take a look for ourselves, giving you an unbiased opinion to help make your  decision.In this article, well compare WooCommerce vs Magento – their key features, performance, security, pricing, beginner-friendliness, and even product management.  By the time youve finis hed reading, youll know exactly which solution is right for you.Lets get cracking!Whats unique about WooCommerce vs Magento?WooCommerce is a powerful plugin for the WordPress platform. It offers all the features you need from an e-commerce solution,  while retaining the ease-of-use of its parent platform.Magento is an e-commerce platform tailored to web development professionals, and medium to large online stores. It offers one of the most robust feature sets in the field, which makes it ideal for stores with high aspirations.WooCommerce vs Magento: A look at their featuresWooCommerce vs MagentoWooCommerceMagentoCompletely free platform.Offers a free Community version, as well as several premium services.Requires you to find your own web host.The Community version is self-hosted, but their premium offerings include hosting.Supports unlimited products.Enables you to add unlimited products.Supports nearly all  WordPress themes, and offers a myriad  of customization options.Offer s a theme-based system and a decent variety of options.Comes with an extension system  and hundreds of options.Supports extensions and offers a wide variety of them too.Includes basic security features to protect your store.Offers advanced security features, as well as dedicated patches to close any vulnerabilities that arise.The platform is remarkably easy-to-use.Recommended for users that have (at least) a basic level of web development knowledge.What each platform has to offerFor those of you who  want the whole picture, well cover all the information youll need to know about both platforms. Then well go over the results together and decide which one deserves the crown.WooCommerceWooCommerce is a familiar name to most WordPress users. This wildly popular e-commerce platform is home to almost 400,000 sites. It comes with almost all of the functionality  youll need to open an online store, and it also has several advanced capabilities through its extension system.Key features :Supports an unlimited number of products.Comes with a robust extension system, based on the WordPress plugin format.Enables you to pick almost  any payment processors you want using extensions.Offers  dozens of premium and free themes.Pros:Setting up a store is free, aside from your web hosting expenses.Its easy to pick up if you have any experience with WordPress.There is extensive documentation available for its users. Plus, you can contact the team behind the project if you have any additional questions.Integrates with Google Analytics using an extension.Includes SSL support, but you need to obtain your own certificate.Cons:If you dont use WordPress, you need to learn two new platforms.Premium themes and extension costs can add up quickly.Is it good for beginners?WooCommerce is a good pick for users with no e-commerce experience – doubly so if theyve used WordPress before. Even those who havent will find WooCommerces excellent documentation, and abundance of online tu torials appealing.Price:This is a fully open-source platform – anyone can download and set it up on any server they want. That being said, its premium extensions tend to be expensive, and some require annual subscriptions. Aside from that, your web hosting costs will depend entirely on the size of your enterprise and the packages your provider offers.There are a handful of quality web hosts that work well with WooCommerce, but the top ones we always recommend to our customers are SiteGround and InMotion. You can get either for around $5-9 / month (try not to opt for any of the cheaper plans, as they might not be optimized to run e-commerce setups).MagentoWhereas WooCommerce bills itself as a community solution, Magento is  more geared towards companies. However, that doesnt mean small businesses cant benefit from its functionality too. Magento offers both a free Community Edition –  which is plenty powerful on its own – and an  Enterprise Edition  for la rge companies. For this comparison, well focus on the Community Editions features.Key Features:Supports an unlimited number of products, as any respecting self-hosted platform should!Comes with its own theming and layout system.Includes efficient APIs that can connect with any third-party solution.Intuitive admin interfaces and product creation tools.Pros:Its built for scalability. Magento should have  no problems handling large stores, as long as your host can manage them.Shoppers can check out faster thanks to a streamlined process. Plus, guest checkout is turned on by default.Integrates with PayPal, Authorize.Net, and Braintree right out of the box.Cons:Magento feels  more geared towards developers than regular users, what with its steep learning curve.Its Enterprise Edition can be quite costly, but thats to be expected due to their target market.Is it good for beginners?Out of the box, Magento doesnt feel as beginner-friendly when we look through the lens of WooCommerce vs M agento. However,  users can overcome that by referring to the  extensive documentation  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ and the platform does offer additional advantages for those who stick it out. Its perfect for ambitious users who  want to scale their shops quickly, and who also have the necessary time for mastering the platform.Price:Magentos Community Edition is open-source and free for anyone to use, so your only cost will be based on your current  hosting provider. On the other hand, users who are interested in the Enterprise Edition will have to shell out a pretty penny.What about performance?Loading times are a big deal for any website, but doubly so for e-commerce. If your website takes too long to load or feels sluggish, some people will  leave, taking their money – and ultimately your income – with them.When it comes to performance, its complicated to figure out which solution  is the overall winner. Each online store – regardless of platform – will be have differently due to its functionality and size. Furthermore, there are several more factors at play here, such as  your choice of web hosting provider, whether youre using a Content Delivery Network (CDN), or even whether your images are optimized.To put it simply, the performance of your online store will depend  mostly on you, and your hosting provider. This round is a tie.What about security?The importance of security when it comes to e-commerce platforms cant be overstated. Customers expect both their private information  and  payment details to be protected – and you need to deliver.Similarly to  performance, your online stores security is in large part up to you. Both WooCommerce and Magento enable you to implement several advanced security measures, but mostly through extensions and  manual tweaks. However, while no platform can be 100% secure,  Magento takes the lead in this aspect by offering dedicated security patches to its users.The downside here is that Magento security patches arent particularly easy to apply. E-commerce newbies might feel out of their depth doing so on their own, which in turn leads  to a significant amount of Magento stores being out of date.Nevertheless, if you take security seriously – and you have some experience with web development (or dont mind paying for help) – Magento is the clear winner.What about product management?If youre looking for the perfect e-commerce store, good product management is likely on your list of priorities. WooCommerce offers a no-nonsense approach to product management, with options for both physical and digital products. Setting up new items is remarkably simple, especially if youre already familiar with WordPress. Furthermore, you can always expand on the platforms functionality using extensions such as  Product Add-Ons:Magento, on the other hand, offers several features that WooCommerce lacks without purchasing additional extensions. For example, it su pports product reviews, grouped items, wish lists, advanced pricing rules, and product personalization. It clearly has an advantage in terms of functionality – but with that brings a  steeper learning curve.Overall, WooCommerce is the better choice for users who  dont need advanced features on their stores from the off. It enables you to get a store up and running quickly, which is preferable for small ventures, and you can choose to  expand its features at a later date using extensions. Round three of WooCommerce vs Magento goes to the former.What about pricing?The last key consideration when it comes to deciding between WooCommerce and Magento is your budget. As mentioned previously, WooCommerce is completely  free, whereas Magento only offers a free Community version alongside multiple premium services. Unfortunately, pricing for Magentos premium options are only accessible via a chat with their sales team.Either way, its entirely possible to get an online store up and running with both platforms without spending a single dime, aside from web hosting costs, that is. How much it costs to keep your store running will depend largely on your choice of hosting provider, which is a topic weve covered extensively in the past, plus a couple of paragraphs above.Moving on, even if both platforms are virtually free, costs can pile up quickly if you rely too much on extensions. There are plenty of free extensions for Magento and WooCommerce, but premium offerings tend to be quite expensive.If youre going to need to add extra functionality to your site, make sure to research which extensions youll need before committing to either platform, and compare their prices. That way, youll get the functionality you need, without making your wallet  scream.All  things considered, both WooCommerce and Magento are excellent choices for budget online stores, albeit the latter only in the case of its Community version. As you scale your store, WooCommerce remains t he cheapest alternative, since you dont need to install more powerful (and premium) versions of the platform, as may be the case with Magento.Hosting a WooCommerce store is also likely to be cheaper and easier since more and more hosts know how to optimize their platforms for WordPress these days. As mentioned above, you can get a quality host for around $7.95 / month from a company like SiteGround (our top recommended host).WooCommerce vs Magento: The winnerAs far as beginners go, the choice is simple – we recommend WooCommerce. Its easy to use and cheap to set up, which makes it perfect for small operations that need to get off the ground quickly. It enables its users to set up  almost any kind of online store, such as  at home entrepreneurshipand  selling tickets for a major event:However, Magento is still  a fantastic e-commerce solution. For a start, it shines when it comes to scalability, which makes it the ideal choice for existing companies that want to move i nto e-commerce. If you can swallow the high price tag of its Enterprise Edition, youll be more than happy with the results. Dont believe us? Ask Bulgari – theyre proud Magento users:Ultimately, this comparison was all about how difficult it would be for a new user to jump into either of these platforms. WooCommerce wins handily in this aspect, thanks to its lower barrier of entry for e-commerce enthusiasts.ConclusionPicking a winner between WooCommerce vs Magento  wasnt easy, since  no single platform will fit the needs of every user perfectly. While some of you may agree with our decision to pick WooCommerce, others may find themselves more at home with Magento. Youll need to take into consideration several criteria including performance, security, product management, and your overall budget – along with your own unique needs.In the end, our decision in this WooCommerce vs Magento title fight was based on  the following reasons:WooCommerce is  simpler for new users to pick up – especially if theyre already familiar with WordPress.The platform has a wide library of great extensions.Its cheap to set up. Although your mileage may vary according to the scope of your store, of course.Heres a quick summary to give you a better overview of the differences between WooCommerce and Magento:WooCommerce vs Magento comparisonWooCommerceMagentoPriceFreeFreemiumRequires hosting?YesYesSupports unlimited items?YesYesDoes the platform offer extensions or plugins?YesYesCan it be customized?YesYesDoes it offer analytics?Yes (extensions)Yes (out the box)Is it beginner-friendly?YesNoDoes it offer extensive documentation?YesYesWhich is your favorite e-commerce platform between WooCommerce vs Magento? Tell us why in the comments section below!Free guide5 Essential Tips to Speed Up Your WordPress SiteReduce your loading time by even 50-80% just by following simple tips. * This post contains affiliate links, which means that if you click on one of the prod uct links and then purchase the product, well receive a small fee. No worries though, youll still pay the standard amount so theres no cost on your part.

Artificial Intelligence Essays (5026 words) - Cognitive Science

Artificial Intelligence Essays (5026 words) - Cognitive Science Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence is based in the view that the only way to prove you know the mind's causal properties is to build it. In its purest form, AI research seeks to create an automaton possessing human intellectual capabilities and eventually, consciousness. There is no current theory of human consciousness which is widely accepted, yet AI pioneers like Hans Moravec enthusiastically postulate that in the next century, machines will either surpass human intelligence, or human beings will become machines themselves (through a process of scanning the brain into a computer). Those such as Moravec, who see the eventual result as the universe extending to a single thinking entity as the post-biological human race expands to the stars, base their views in the idea that the key to human consciousness is contained entirely in the physical entity of the brain. While Moravec (who is head of Robotics at Carnegie Mellon University) often sounds like a New Age psychedelic guru professing the nex t stage of evolution, most AI (that which will concern this paper) is expressed by Roger Schank, in that the question is not 'can machines think?' but rather, can people think well enough about how people think to be able to explain that process to machines? This paper will explore the relation of linguistics, specifically the views of Noam Chomsky, to the study of Artificial Intelligence. It will begin by showing the general implications of Chomsky's linguistic breakthrough as they relate to machine understanding of natural language. Secondly, we will see that the theory of syntax based on Chomsky's own minimalist program, which takes semantics as a form of syntax, has potential implications on the field of AI. Therefore, the goal is to show the interconnectedness of language with any attempt to model the mind, and in the process explain Chomsky's influence on the beginnings of the field, and lastly his potential influence on current or future research. Chomsky essentially founded modern linguistics in seeking out a systematic, testable theory of natural language. He hypothesized the existence of a language organ within the brain, wired with a deep structured universal grammar that is transmitted genetically and underlies the superficial structures of all human languages. Chomsky asserted that underlying meaning was carried in the universal grammar of deep structures and transformed by a series of operations that he termed transformational rules into the less abstract surface structures that was the spoken form of the various natural languages. He showed also that mental activities in general can and should be investigated independently of behavior and cognitive underpinnings. This idealization of the linguistic capability of a native speaker brought Chomsky to his nativist, internalist, and constructivist philosophical views of language and mind. This concept of generative grammar could be seen as a 'machine', in the abstract Turing sense, that can be used to generate all the grammatical sentences in a given language. Chomsky was searching for a formal method of describing the possible grammatical sentences of a language, as the Turing machine (more below) was used to specify what was possible in the language of mathematics. Chomsky's transformational generative grammar (TGG) possessed the most influence on AI in that it was a specification for a machine that went beyond the syntax of a language, to their semantics, or the ways that meanings are generated. An ambiguous sentence like I like her cooking or flying planes can be dangerous could have a single surface structure from multiple deep structures, just as semantically equivalent sentences involving a transformation from active to passive voice or the like, could have different surface structures emerging from the same deep structure. Computational linguists and AI researchers saw that these rules, once understood, could be applied, or mechanized, with a formal mathematical system. Here, natural languages were strings of symbols constructed to different conventions, which needed to be converted to a universal human 'machine code.' From a computational viewpoint, language is an abstract system for manipulating symbols; the universal grammar could be purified in the sense of mathematics, in other words, being independent of physical reality. Semantics in this view would just be an application of the abstract syntax onto the real world. Chomskyan linguistics, as we shall see further on, does

The Inevitability of Animal Testing in Medicine Essay Example

The Inevitability of Animal Testing in Medicine Essay Example The Inevitability of Animal Testing in Medicine Essay The Inevitability of Animal Testing in Medicine Essay In 1960s, about 10,000 babies who have short and malfunctioned legs and arms were born, surprising the public and scientists. People were worried and anxious to know the reason for the tragedy and the way to avoid the birth of defect babies. After many researches, scientists found out that the disabled babies were born to the mother who had taken a medicine called Thalidomide, a drug people used to deal with pregnant reaction, and was later proved to have teratogenicity to many animals by animal test. Then, people realized that animal test must be done before the drug used in treatment to avoid such accident. After several decades, animal test is still inevitable because it helps improve the medical science and is irreplaceable in medical science. Some people disagree with animal test because they think animal is crucial and not fair to animals. However, they may not fully understand the meaning of the animal test and the irreplaceability of animal test in medical science. First of all, animal test is the most effective experimental method in medical science. Animal test is still the most reliable method because animals share many commons with human. For instance, the rats share about 90% of human genes and humans and chimpanzees are 99% genetically identical. So, most of the physiological reactions happened in human body and animal body are the same. Thus, the results of test animal are reliable in most cases. Moreover, the importance of animal test has been proved by the achievements obtained by using animal test. As we know, all kinds of new drugs need animal test to prove that they are non-toxic before they are used in treatment. By using animal test, more than 20 kinds of new drugs are introduced to the market every year in USA. If we don’t use animal test, volunteers would be the only way to test drugs. However, the number of volunteers is limited, because it is very difficult to convince people to join drug test since people’s lives can be endangered. Thus, the test would be restricted because of the limited number of volunteers. What’s more, testing animals have done much contribution to the development of physiology and pathology. By using testing animals, people have understood more about human body and improved the new technology in medicine. For example, people have established the theories of circulation and digestion system, found the factors contribute to cancer and improved the technology of organ transplantation by using animal test. It is hard to imagine how medical science would be like without animal test. Some people think that animal test can be fully replaced by other methods. However, the fact is that animal test is still irreplaceable in medical science today because that we have not fully understand our body. Although we have saved many animals by using substitution such as cells test, animal test cannot be fully replaced by a lump of cells or organ, because an animal’s body is much more complicated than cells. For example, the function of a drug is usually influenced by the circulation and digestion systems and many factors we have not fully understand. When chemical reactions happen between drugs and enzyme in the body, the components of drugs can be changed into other substances, making it more difficult to learn the effects of the drugs by the experiments outside the body. If we dispose animal test, the introduction of new drugs would be slow down, and with less certainty. Another thought is that animal test is the only choice in some cases. For instance, the transplantation of organs such as liver and kidney should be first tested on animal, so that the rules and methods of transplantation can be established and the surgery can be safe to human. Without animal test, the transplantation of organs can be very risky and the cost might be the lives of patients. So, the animal test is still inevitable in many cases in the recent future. Another thing is that it is more important to reduce human suffering than to prevent animal suffering. It is obvious that every individual or species has the instinct to protect itself or its own species. So, if we have to do the choice from the benefits of human and that of animal, the answer is clear. When new drugs and technology are needed, it is more humane for us to do animal test to accelerate the invention of the new drug instead of discuss the necessity of animal test. Some people may disagree because they think every species in the planet should share the equal rights to live. However, if they have ever eaten meat from animal, used insecticide to kill bugs, and taken antibiotic to deal with bacterium, it is ridiculous for them to argue about equality. If we forbid animal test because of the consideration of animal rights, we may feel regret after the tragedy like the story of Thalidomide happens again. Some people encourage more volunteers to take part in the test, however, they may not consider the danger that the volunteers may confront. Which is sadder, the death of animal or the death of volunteers? So, it may be cruel to use animal to test new drugs, but it will be crueler to use drug on human without doing animal test. However, it’s wrongful to use animal test arbitrarily, so, we need establish rigid disciplines to control animal test. That is to say, we should use animal test only when we really need it. More specific, the number of animals used in the test, the purpose of the test, the necessity and rationality of the test must be concerned before the animal test is done. For example, we should avoid the repetition of animal test, which means we should get enough information before we do the experiments. If the same or similar test has been done by others and the result has been proved, the animal test should not be repeated again. Another thing is that we should use the advanced knowledge in statistics and experiment to minimize the number of animals required in a certain test. Before the experiment, we need spend some time to work out a proper plan, choose appropriate test method, so we can find the best way to get the experiment result with the smallest number of animals. Lastly, we should minimize the pain of the testing animal. It is not difficult to do so. For example, during cultivation of the testing animal, we can keep the animals clean and convenient by improving the environment they live; during the processing of test, we should use anesthesia to release the pain of animals; after the test, euthanasia should be applied to reduce the suffering of animals. I was a medicine student in university, as I have seen, most of the experiments in school have been done follow the rules of reducing the pain of animals. To conclude, animal test is inevitable when the life of people is concerned. Although some substitution methods of animal test have been found, animal test is still a necessary step before drugs are used on human. What we should do is to minimize the suffering of testing animal and find more effective substation method rather than discuss the necessity of animal test. Animal test is not only a topic about animal rights or justice, in fact, it is a much complex issue related to the development of medicine science and people’s life. So, it should be restricted but not banned without enough consideration and perfect substitutions.

OReilly v Mackman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

OReilly v Mackman - Essay Example This case is primarily one which was concerned with the procedural niceties of judicial review, laying out the principle that public law claims were to be dealt with exclusively by judicial review and private law claims were to be dealt with by Writ. Therefore this decision set a precedent in that it resulted in a locking of the remedies of injunction and the declaration that had entered the realm of the public domain by Common law, permanently into that domain. This does not appear to have been the original intent behind Lord Diplock’s judgment, for he has clearly stated that the â€Å"Order 53 does not expressly provide that procedure by way of application for judicial review shall be the exclusive procedure available† for obtaining remedy by injunction or declaration for infringement of rights under public law2. However, the fact that in this case, the invocation of a Writ was deemed to be an abuse of the process of the Court resulted in the subsequent position in law that only through the invoking of public law procedure could the remedies of declaration and injunction be obtained under judicial review. The orthodox approach to judicial review is based upon the absolute and indivisible sovereignty of the British Parliament3. The O’Reilly case also established that if the nature of the claim that is being made is that the public body acted ultra vires or outside the scope of its statutory powers, then this is a matter for judicial review. The ultra vires doctrine is based on the principle that all legal duties are created by Parliament4, therefore, the judicial function extends to the scope of controlling of the exercise of such statutory powers.  

The Analysis of the Song Run Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Analysis of the Song Run - Essay Example The song is written in a way to highlight a strong or unique vocalist, as it becomes the primary responsibility of the vocalist to imbue the song with life. Similar styles have been witnessed with such vocalists as Nico from the Velvet Underground, or the underground alternative rock artist Cat Power. The music begins with the song’s lyrics start. A snare drum is heard playing slow and hushed-like. An electric guitar plays a minimalist melody. Two to three chords are played, currently, there is no bass being used. After a few minutes, the guitar and drum combo ends. The bass guitar and the drums continue as the vocals finally started. The first three lines state, â€Å"I go away to a place/ Way far out in space/ That is away from the things I know†. This line refers to the imaginative process that I go under when I play music or think in lyrical terms. Additionally, the reference to space refers to the aesthetic qualities of the universe as the great unknown of human experience. The lyrics here are relayed in a subdued tone in accordance with the minimalist melody that has already been established by the bass guitar and drums. Overrated/ But can’t think of/ What to do about it † Here the bass guitar and snare drums continue in a minimalist style along with the vocals. The lyrics are composed in a purposely meandering way. In this way, they do not follow the strict pattern of grammatically correct discourse, but instead, adopt a logic that is acceptable within the confines of music. The lyrics additionally reflect a general existential malaise that is recurrent throughout the track. One imagines the vocalist spending the day alone and lazily reaching over and grabbing a guitar. The music in terms of the vocals and the melody is then improvisational in an aesthetic sense. The bass guitar melody as does not need to be incredibly consistent. Instead, this could even be reinvented for each song.

The sublime Kant & Burke Essay Example for Free

The sublime Kant Burke Essay In Neil Hertz’s essay, The Notion of Blockage in the Literature of the Sublime, Neil uses the work of William Wordsworth to makes a connection to the very distinguished and particular notion of the mathematical sublime by Immanuel Kant. The mathematical sublime is the perception that reason has this superiority over imagination because reason and logic is boundless whereas imagination is limited to what we have personally experienced through our senses. When in the presence of something that embodies the overwhelming magnitude of an idea that we cannot comprehend at first glance (the sublime), Kant believes that reason has the upper hand over the senses. By means of reasoning, we as individuals can determine that there is some claim to final totality. When this reasoning comes face to face with an agent of the sublime, our logic is able to understand the failure of our ability to grasp the enormity of something so thought shattering that it eventually leads to the realization that our reason is more reliable than our senses. The sensory faculty bases its understanding on empirical evidence and in this case would have no influence over our train of thought because we have never experienced anything quite like the sublime. Kant labels this as the blockage and associates it with a negative feeling, this feeling of displeasure stems from the fact that in order to grasp the concept of the sublime the individual must realize that their previous cognitive limits were not developed enough. Hertz has a different idea about the result of experiencing the mathematical sublime, he believes that it brings us pleasure by means of displeasure but the pleasure and power of overcoming our imagination’s shortcomings bring us a greater satisfaction than we could have experienced without this knowledge. Hertz then applies several excerpts from book 7 of Wordsworth’s The 1805 Prelude. Wordsworth’s literary works reinforce Hertz’s position upon the sublime and his concept of blockage. Before he begins analyzing the literary works, Hertz lays down the foundation of the sublime and states, with the use of Weiskels argument that â€Å"The cause of the sublime is the aggrandizement of reason at the expense of imaginative apprehension of reality and at the expense of reality. †(Hertz, 51) After attaining this level of consciousness is it easier to assess the effect of the sublime and how it creates a new insight by means of comprehending that the sublime consists of structure and disagreement. Kant voices a very similar idea as Weiskel just a couple sentences later, â€Å"the very moment in which the mind turns within and performs its identification with reason. †(Hertz, 51) He uses this notion of blockage in relation to Wordsworth’s poems, and how we have difficulty in grasping the concept before we recognize and understand the sublime and how it unites the mind when it is filled with such a grand sensation. Unto myself, The face of every one That passes by me is a mystery! Thus have I looked, nor ceased to look, oppressed By thoughts of what and whither, when and how. All laws of acting, thinking, speaking man Went from me, neither knowing me nor known. (Hertz, 58) Wordsworth is making reference to the publication and how everyone is the same but different at the same time, whilst making allusions to the sensory approach and how he does not understand the incident to its furthest degree. He is stuck on the mathematically sublime until he advances in his text analysis and stumbles upon the blind beggar. Or emblem of the utmost that we know Both of ourselves and of the universe, And on the shape of this unmoving man, His fixed face and sightless eyes, I looked, As if admonished from another world.

Misguided Feminist Reaction to A Streetcar Named Desire Essay examples

Misguided Feminist Reaction to A Streetcar Named Desire   Ã‚  Ã‚   The dramatic climax of A Streetcar Named Desire, clearly illustrates the mastery of author Tennessee Williams. The brilliantly constructed text, with its tragic story and enticing characters, propels the reader to a point in which he becomes emotionally involved in the dynamics of Williams’ world. Unfortunately, many feminists are negatively affected by Williams’ captivating writing style. In turn, feminists have developed an array of very strong opinions regarding the climax, often responding with a very personal and emotive discussion of the issues. Concentrating on the dynamics of each character and his stance during the climax, feminists present an intelligent discussion on the inevitability of the rape and its effect on the characters. Unfortunately, many feminists have a tendency to become focused on the morals of rape, rather than exploring the symbolic nature of rape. Many feminists have also let their emotions and personal values sway their arguments, even to the point where they personally attack Tennessee Williams.   However, a correct reading of the climax should focus on the symbolism of the event and the positioning of characters. From this stance, it becomes much clearer why this disturbing climax was essential, especially when considering the shocking conclusion to the play. The feminist’s lack of serious discussion of the necessity of the rape scene is the weak link in their argument. While feminists concede that the character of Blanche is a woman with more than a few â€Å"inconsistencies†, their description of Stanley as a "monster" is not justified. Feminists neglect to consider Stanley’s vulnerability as a factor in the rape; but they justify... ... and the rape are archetypes of society, representing the battle between good will and survival, good and evil, class and inhumanity, behind which the driving force is utter desire!    Works Cited and Consulted Brownmiller, Susan. Against Our Will. New York: Bantam Books, 1975. Dworkin, Andrea. Intercourse. New York: The Free Press, 1087 Lant, Kathleen Margaret. "A Streetcar Named Misogyny." pp. 225-238 in REDMOND. Redmond, James (Editor). Violence in Drama. Cambridge University Press; 1991.   Spoto, Donald. The Kindness of Strangers. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1985. Williams, Edwina Dakin. Remember Me to Tom. St. Louis: Sunrise Publishing Company, 1963. Williams, Tennessee. Memoirs. New York: Doubleday and Company, Inc: 1975. Williams, Tennessee. A Streetcar Named Desire. New York: Signet. Original copyright 1947.

Law unit

Consultation- this is your first stage where you have to get different opinions from other people about what they think about the law that you want to introduce. You can do this by creating a survey, questionnaire, asking people face to face etc. If you get you get positive or negative feedback then you can go through to the next stage which is the green paper.Green paper- this is the second stage, where you produce your draft and its being hacked to see if it's suitable enough to be presented to the Members of Parliament White paper- when your bill becomes a white paper it means that it Is suitable to be presented to the public and the members of parliament. You'll then go to the next stage which is the first reading. First reading- this is when all the members of the parliament and the public get together in a court and you present your bill to all of them. Second reading- this can be days after your first reading.In the second reading you'll o In to more detail explaining why you want your bill to be officially made a law. You'll list both the disadvantages and the advantages of the bill. Committee- after your second reading the committee will get together and discuss your bill. They will be located in a room where they have privacy and are able to discuss without any Interference. 1 OFF including the members of parliament and the public and you. The committee will give back feedback to what they think about your bill. Third reading- throughout the presentation your bill might be changed a few times.This is where you present your bill for last and final time. The last vote is taken here, that decide whether your bill is officially a law. Other house (depending where it started of – this is where your bill gets send to the other house depending where it started off. Royal assent- When both houses agree on the bill you've presented and its then sends off to the queen so that can give a royal assent to make your bill and official law. Public and private bills: Private bills- are laws that are passed and only affect a few individuals or reparations.They don't affect the whole community that's why they are known as Private Bills. Private members Bill- These can be sponsored by individual MSP. When presenting a Private Bill all members of the Parliament get together. Normally there will be about 20 members of parliament. They all take turns presenting a Bill to the Parliament. There is a time limit for present a Private Bill. The debate takes place on Fridays so that other members of the Parliament get the chance to present the selected Bill.Public bills- this is laws that are passed and affects the whole country or partly of it. Majority of the Government bills. Fall under: Reform Act 2005, the Legal Service Reform Act 2007 and the Coroners and Justice Act 2009. Doctrine of Parliamentary Supremacy- the Parliament is only allowed to pass laws that can be changed in the future by Parliaments. No other body can overrule the Parliament. The Parliament is known as the I-J constitution. It can make or end a law. It's seen as the highest supreme legal authority.

Cipero River

Methodology Where was data collected? Data was collected at Cipero River, South Trinidad The Cipreo River was chosen as the area of study for pollution. The study of pollution was ideal for the area, as it is a major area which is situated near the San Fernando region, these very rivers banks where also overflown of the year 2010. When was data collected? The field study was conducted on June 12th 2012, between the hours of 8. am. and 10. am. How was data collected? Data was obtained by the use of various instruments, such as a * Camera * Pen Stationary paper * Measuring tape * Stopwatch * String * Cups * PH meter What was done to obtain this data? * 7 points of the Cipero river were examined, at each point of the river a cup was lowered into the water, by the use of the string, to obtain water from the river, the PH meter was then used to determine whether that part of the water was polluted, by showing results from the test either being acidic or alkaline. * Data was also obtained, by determining the velocity of the water at each point of the river, which was visited. 1.Stationary paper was used to make a paper boat 2. Measuring tape was then used to measure a certain distance, this determined the departure and arrival of the boat at the given area. 3. The boat was then released and the stopwatch immediately started 4. When the paper boat passed the required distance the stopwatch was then stopped, results where then recorded. Aim * To identify the causes and consequences of pollution, at various points along Cipero River South, Trinidad. Analysis and Discussion Do you know the meaning of the word pollution?Longman Geography for CSEC gives the definition as, â€Å"†¦the unclean state of the environment resulting in physical, chemical and biological changes that can seriously affect ecological systems. † Pollution results from the improper disposal of waste, whether solid, liquid or gas, with this being said from the results which were obtained at Ciprero River it is my belief that the river is polluted. Seven points of the river were examined at the river and at each point which was visited there was pollution of various forms present.At the beginning of the river it was slightly polluted there was little improper disposal of unwanted materials such as garbage and iron present, this may have been due to individuals who pass nearby the river occasionally, and also due to motor vehicles who are constantly passing on the roads on a daily day to day basis. Despite this it was noticed that as I examined more and more points of the river, the more polluted it seemed. At point four of the river there was pollution present in the water due to improper drainage caused by industries, industrial waste was seen circulating in the water.At various parts of the water it was brown and murky black in color, it also had an offensive smell. There are three types of major pollution that can be observed at the Cipero River. Land pollution is on e of them, the Cipero River is located in an area which is close to the town San Fernando, many people on a daily bases pass through this area to go to attend their jobs, and also to reach to the town. It can be said that people often throw and dispose of their garbage improperly and due to the constant presence of individuals passing through this region, more and more garbage is accumulating near and inside the river.Water pollution is the second major form of pollution, in the form of sewage due to improper drainage. Water enters the river due to the housing developments poor drainage system and also from industries that release harmful chemicals and waste into the water, this affects the color and quality of the water. Water pollution, also poses a threat to the animal species that are present in the water, it was observed that at point one of the river fishes and alligators were seen living in this river as their habitat, when the water becomes polluted and they can’t sur vive, what will be the outcome?!Offensive odour also presents itself as pollution, improper drainage from people’s houses and industries enters the water causing it to have an unpleasant odour. The Cipero River is also located on a road which is constantly busy, sometimes at night people may also not have a choice and urinate near the river, this along with the water pollution and land pollution increases the smell of the river making it smell more fowl.Conclusion Evidently there is a problem of pollution which is present at the Cipero River, due to types of pollution such as, sewage, offensive odour, and waste water. This is mainly due to poor waste and sewage practices and poor regulation of drainage, this problem can be easily stopped if individuals are willing to make a difference. In conclusion, the matter of pollution is one that is not taken seriously in Trinidad and Tobago, all around us every day we see pollution existing, yet still nobody seems to care.Pollution is something that should be addressed more regularly because although it may seem like it’s not important, it is. Table Of Contents The Aim of the study Location of field study Methodology Presentation of data Analysis and Discussion Conclusion Bibliography Presentation of data Bibliography * The site of Cipero River South Trinidad * Paul Guiness et al. Geography for CSEC. Nelson Thornes, 2008 Name: Karishma Ramtahal School: Parvati Girls Hindu College Class: 5M1 Topic: Pollution at Cipero River South Trinidad

Integrated Pest Management essays

Integrated Pest Management essays As stated in Controlling Turfgrass Pests, Integrated pest management (IPM) is both a concept and a philosophy. It is a broad, multidisciplinary, systematic approach to controlling all pests. All types of control methods (biological, cultural, regulatory, physical, and chemical) are utilized. Use of IPM strategies should result in effective and economical suppression of pests with a minimum effect on nontarget organisms and the environment. IPM is based on understanding the biology and ecology of the turfgrass plant or community to be protected and the pests to be controlled (Shurtleff et al. 361). Now you have a definition for integrated pest management. How would you go about setting up this program? The truth is, you wouldnt be able to. If you didnt already know what IPM is, you would not have the knowledge in this field to succeed. Most people believe that all you do is put some grass down, add fertilizer, water, spray a little pesticide, and then mow once every other week. This is not the case. While all of these have their own role when used properly, the primary objective is to reduce pesticide use, states Robert Emmons in the second edition of Turfgrass Science and Management (339). Education is the key to a successful IPM program. Not only education about the program, but every facet of turfgrass management. For example, poor fertilization and water practices can lead to perfect conditions for a host of turfgrass pests. ...

Festivals in Barbados essays

Festivals in Barbados essays The Caribbean Island of Barbados is quickly becoming a hub for many tourists. In previous years sugar cane was our main source of income; however, it has been quickly overtaken by Tourism. Due to this rise in Tourism, the government had to put several activities in place to attract and keep their most welcomed guests well entertained also with the view of ensuring their return to our shore. Hence, the annual tourism calendar for the island, the government has made provision for seven major festivals billed by many persons as, The Magnificent Seven. These festivals are rich in history and they provide lots of entertainment for our numerous visitors and natives alike. The festivals are namely, the Crop Over festival, Holetown festival, Oistins fish festival, Gospelfest, National Independence festival of Creative Arts, the Congaline Carnival and the Barbados Jazz Festival. The Crop Over festival, the oldest of the festivals is the highlight of the summer. It is an all-island jubilation running from mid-July to early August (Pariser 77) Crop Over originated in the days of the plantation society. During this festival, there is the collision of British and African cultures. The Original event was know as the English Harvest Home Festivities or Harvest Time, signaling the end of the sugar cane harvest. The festival was a combination of a traditional harvest festival and West-African style yam celebrations (78). During this time, the slaves and their masters both had reasons to celebrate the end of the crop. For the planter, this signaled that the last of the crop for the year was ready for shipping to the merchant in England, who in return rewarded the planter with the luxuries of life. For the slave it was the end of the longest and most exhausting part of the year. Thus, the completion of the harvest season brought singing, dancing and general merriment. After the emancipation of the slaves, the fes...

Aggregate Demand or Aggregate Supply Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Aggregate Demand or Aggregate Supply - Essay Example The story line of the article is directly based on aggregate demand. Aggregate demand is made up of a number of variables, namely, consumption, investment, government spending, and net imports. A decline in the value of the dollar causes a rise in consumer prices, and higher prices depict the occurrence of inflation (Kadlec, 2012). As a result, consumption becomes relatively expensive, and it is, therefore, bound to decline. In this scenario, government spending increases to fill the gap. Decline in the value of the dollar made imports expensive and exports favorable. Net imports increased due to low imports and high exports activities. This impacts the aggregate demand positively. Therefore, Kadlec’s story had a positive impact on aggregate demand. The variables that make up aggregate demand directly influence both domestic and international markets. Countries engage in trade and exchange activities using some of the major world currencies. The U.S dollar is a primary currency in international exchange activities. Fluctuations in its value influence world markets differently, especially in relation to changes in consumer

Computer management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Computer management accounting - Essay Example The activities that are managed by organisations are becoming more complex and sophisticated, and so too is the way that these activities are configured for productive purposes. This means that the various component Management accounting is concerned with the provision of information to management, to assist with planning, decision-making and control within the business. Because planning and decision-making are inevitably directed to the future, management accounting often involves making future projections, usually called budgets. Important applications of this are capital budgeting, which deals with the appraisal of investments, and cash budgeting, which deals with the projection of future cash inflows and outflows, and the consequent financial requirements of the entity. Management accounting is also concerned with controlling and appraising the outcome of past plans, for example by analysing costs, and with assessing the economic performance of particular divisions or activities of the entity. Because the demand for management accounting information varies according to the activities, size and management structure of the entity, and because the supply of such information is not subject to statutory regulation or audit, there is a much greater variety both of techniques and of practice in management accounting than in financial accounting. ... Management has, of course, direct control over the information system of the business, so that formal regulation of the management accounting system is less important. II. Evolutionary Theories (Institutional Economics) Hamilton (2001)'s first major work, Evolutionary Economics, was primarily an exploration of the contrast between the institutionalist view of the economy as evolutionary and the classical static and mechanistic rendition. In his work this exploration primarily was conducted through examination of major areas, the institutional theories of consumption (demand), production, and distribution. (Hamilton 2001 p.745). Burns & Scapens, (2000) describe the background of institutional theory as "in recent years there has been increasing interest in institutional theory across the social sciences". They argue that three such theories have been used in the accounting literature see Miller, 1994 namely: new institutional or transaction cost economics see Walker, 1998 ; old institutional economics see Scapens, 1994 ; and new institutional sociology see Carruthers, 1995 Although these theories have different origins and intellectual roots, they share a concern for institutions and institutional change. All three offer insights which are helpful for conceptualizing management accounting change. They insist that OIE provides a focus on organizational routines and their institutionalization and, as stated above, in studying management accounting change we are studying changes in organizational routines. It also provides a way of dealing with some of the difficulties of using Giddens' 1984 structuration theor y in accounting research, and especially in research dealing with management accounting change. (Burns & Scapens, 2000 p.2) Burns &

Company Analysis - Volkswagen Group in Forest, Brussels Essay

Company Analysis - Volkswagen Group in Forest, Brussels - Essay Example The Group’s production unit in Forest, Brussels, is considered as one of the most important production units of the organization. The production process developed in the particular unit is analyzed in this paper. Emphasis is given on the potentials of the Group to reduce this unit’s costs without affecting the Group’s performance or the quality of the products involved. At the same time, the unit’s logistic process is reviewed focusing on the fact that the various parts of the firm’s cars are coming from different places in Europe and are assembled in Brussels to be then sold all around the world. 2. Production process in Volkswagen Group in Forest, Brussels 2.1 Description of the process In order to understand the performance of the firm’s production unit in Forest, Brussels it would be necessary to present primarily the key characteristics of the production unit involved. Then, the production process should be analytically described, as all of its phases. Finally, the phases of the process that are of key value for its success, meaning the cost management techniques and the quality management techniques as used in the specific production unit, should be further analyzed, followed by suggestions as of their potential update or alteration for supporting the increase of the Group’s performance. Volkswagen Group incorporates a high range of brands (see Figure 1, Appendix). This means that the terms of operation of the Group’s production units internationally need to be carefully reviewed, so that delays or failures in regard to the quality of the products (cars) are avoided. In Figure 2 (Appendix) the monthly deliveries of the Group are presented. It is made clear that the orders of customers in... This essay focuses on the examination and the analysis provided by the researcher, on the topic of the production process of a well-known corporation - the Volkswagen Group. The researcher of the essay discusses the processes that are employed in the Group’s production unit in Forest, Brussels. These processes are reviewed and evaluated emphasizing on the effectiveness of unit’s quality and cost management. The essay aims to show that the production processes used by the Volkswagen Group organization are well organized despite the fact that the logistics management of the organization is quite challenging, since the parts of cars are sent to the firm’s unit in Brussels by various places across Europe and have to be assembled so that the finished product is promoted to the European market. It is concluded by the researcher that the firm’s production unit in Forest, Brussels, meets most requirements of a successful production unit. Still, certain changes are required so that the performance of the unit to be standardized in the long term. The evaluation of the effectiveness of a production process is quite important for estimating the current and future potentials of the organization involved. The review of the production process in Volkswagen’s production plant in Brussels has revealed the strengths of the specific process. It is also assumed that the firm’s performance in the global market, as reflected in its financial statements is highly related to the high performance of the production plant in Brussels.

Mission, Vision, and Goals Essay Example for Free

Mission, Vision, and Goals Essay My mission in life is to be happy with the way my life turned out. Yes, I would love to have a lot of money and to be known, but whats the point of having all of that when Im not happy that I have it? Most people mistake being grateful for happiness. Wrong! Many of the rich and famous are grateful for what they have, but not all are happy with it. No matter how my life turns out, I just want to be happy. Whether I am a homeless woman living in a shelter, or a successful entrepreneur living in a million dollar home, I just want to be happy!! Five-ten years from now, I see myself working on my clothing line and generating a good amount of sales. I see myself getting talked about in some of the hottest fashion magazines saying that I am one of the hottest successful plus size fashion designers around. During this time I hope to have a high rolling website for my line, and that I have a huge amount of customers that buy my items. I would also love to have at least one- two fashion boutiques fully designed and fully staffed. Being a fashion designer is my main career goal. I do not see myself being anything but a designer. Fifteen-twenty years from now, I see myself being in runway shows showing off all of my fabulous designs. I see luxurious clothing stores all across the map with my brand name a logo on the front. My stores will be fabulous and glamorous like Gucci, Guess, Coach, and Juicy Couture. My clothing will be very elegant and formal. Celebrities, both small and plus size will be flaunting my designs to the Grammys, Oscars, VMAs, and more. My name will be everywhere. I have a dream to be compared to other famous designer brands like Prada, Dior, Christian Louboutin, Vera Wang, Fendi and more! I want celebreties to specifically request me and my company to design an exclusive garment for a special occasion such as a wedding. Today, I am studying business management at Johnson and Wales University. My financial aid has recently put me in a position where unfortunately, I will most likely not be attending school next year. Instead, I will be working and saving money, so that I can go to a fashion school and get a fashion degree. While I am working during the summer, I play to buy a sewing machine, and teach myself how to sew clothes. I have been looking to buy a mannequin dress form, but unfortunately they range from $95 to nearly $500, so I have decided to make my own. I will be doing a small project where I will make my own mannequin dress form of my best friends body. My plan to help me get a better understanding of the fashion world, is to be an intern at a fashion company. I hope to land my first job as a fashion assistant, either before I go to fashion school (if Im lucky) or after I receive my degree. Fashion is a huge part of my life, and no matter what obstacles come in my way like not being able to attend school next year, I will make my dreams of becoming a fashion designer come true!

Great Gatsby :: essays papers

Great Gatsby Two prevalent themes portrayed in The Great Gatsby are money and social status, both which coincide with the novel’s four settings: East Egg, West Egg, the Valley of Ashes, and New York. As Natania stated, these different locations are used to â€Å"show the absurdities of modern life,† as well as to dictate social class from the upper royal status of the East Egg community to the common folk of New York. Fitzgerald uses these settings and the actions of characters within them to define and set boundaries between financial and social status of the roaring 20’s. An example of Fitzgerald’s technique lies in the comparison of Myrtle Wilson’s party in her New York apartment to one of Gatsby’s many summer parties in his West Egg mansion. Through descriptions of guests coming and going frequently, and the obnoxious drinking and wild conversation going on at the New York and West Egg parties, the reader can conclude that neither of these locations are above the social standing of an upper class party of East Egg, such as one at Tom and Daisy Buchanan’s without the slight insanity of their dysfunctional family. However, the differences between Myrtle and Gatsby’s parties are great and relevant to Fitzgerald’s theme. For example, the physical description of guests attending the party in New York gives knowledge to the reader of their lower class standing. Myrtle’s sister arrives with a â€Å"sticky bob of red hair† and wild, unnatural eyebrows and makeup, and Mr. McKee with lather showing on his cheekbone. His wife is described as â€Å"shrill, languid, handsome, and horrible,† quite the opposite of guests attending Gatsby’s party, and even the host himself. Fitzgerald describes Gatsby as a very clean cut, proud postured, gentlemanly looking man with hair which looks like it â€Å"were trimmed every day,† just as a stereotypical member of the social upper class should appear. Myrtle’s party included obnoxious, almost insane guests who were quick to speak their rude, blunt opinions and provide proof to Jordan Baker’s statement that â€Å"at small parties there isn’t any privacy.† In fact, Tom Buchanan was so uncivilized a guest as to punch Myrtle, his lover and the party’s hostess, and cause a bloody mess.

If the Coat Fits Wear It Essay

The Oceanic Corporation, a Chesapeake, VA based company, was established in 1994. Glenn Rodgers III founded the corporation, which was privately owned at the time, after his retirement from Norentech Corporation. The Oceanic Corporation was originally formed to provide ship repair services and quickly earned a Department of Defense (DOD) certified Alteration Boat Repair (ABR) designation. Among its specialties were structural welding, piping system installation and repairs, electrical, painting, rigging, machinery and dry-lock work, as well as custom sheet metal fabrication. Other divisions of The Oceanic included Habitability Installation, Industrial Contracting, and Alteration/Installation Teams (AIT). With its initial success and good return on investment the firm opened and operated facilities in California, New Jersey, Florida, Maryland, Pennsylvania and Washington. In 1998, the company went public and its initial public offering was very successful. The stock price had risen from its initial value of $10 to its current level of $35 per share. There were currently 5 million shares outstanding. In 1999, the company issued 30-year bonds at par, with a face value of $1000 and a coupon rate of 10% per year, and managed to raise $40 million for expansion. Currently, the AA-rated bonds had 25 years left until maturity and were being quoted at 91.5% of par. Over the past year, the Oceanic Corporation utilized a new method for fabricating composite materials that the firm’s engineers had developed. In June of last year, management established the Advanced Materials Group (AM Group), which was dedicated to pursuing this technology. The firm recruited Larry Stone, a senior engineer, to head the AM Group. Larry also had an MBA from a prestigious university under his belt. Upon joining Oceanic, Larry realized that most projects were being approved on a â€Å"gut feel† approach. There were no formal acceptance criteria in place. Up until then, the company had been lucky in that most of its projects had been well selected and it had benefited from good relationships with clients and suppliers. â€Å"This has to change,† said Larry to his assistant Stephanie, â€Å"we can’t possibly be this lucky forever. We need to calculate the firm’s hurdle rate and use it in the future.† Stephanie Phillips, who had great admiration for the boss, replied, â€Å"Yes, Larry, why don’t I crunch the numbers and give them to you within the next couple of days?† â€Å"That sounds great, Stephanie,† said Larry. â€Å"My years of experience tell me that when it comes to the hurdle rate for new projects, one size hardly ever fits it all!† As Stephanie began looking at the financial statements, she realized that she was going to make some assumptions. First, she assumed that she assumed that the new debt would cost about the same as the yield on outstanding debt and would have the same rating. Second, she assumed that the firm would continue raising capital for future projects by using the same target proportions as determined by the book values of debt and equity (see Table 1 for recent balance sheet). Third, she assumed that the equity beta (1.5) would be the same for all the divisions. Fourth, she assumed that the growth rates of earnings and dividends would continue at their historical rate (see Table 2, for earnings and dividend history). Fifth, she assumed that the corporate tax rate would be 34% and finally, she assumed that the flotation cost for debt would be 5% of the issue price and that for equity would be 10% of selling price. The 1-year Treasury bill yield was 4% and the expected rate of return on the market portfolio was 10%.

Civil Rights in the 1960’s Essay

Have you ever sat down and wondered to yourself, what it would be like if schools, restrooms, restaurants, and even public transportation were still segregated today? The majority of people who were born after the 1970’s take for granted how lucky we are as a country and nation to have overcome slavery and the steps against racism we have battled are way through. Slavery was ended when Abraham Lincoln wrote the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and was later ratified in December of 1865. Though this law ordered the end to slavery it did very little if nothing to stop the racism that was given towards blacks or any other minority. Until the late 1950’s not many presidents or Congressman had tried to legislate civil rights laws. The Civil Rights struggle that heated up to its climax in the 1960’s was neither a simple nor wanted task by any means. Many Presidents tried taking on the civil rights movement starting with Harry S. Truman. Truman was not for racial equality among blacks and often said so, but he wanted fairness and equality before the law (Patterson 378-382). Once Truman got the ball rolling for the first time since Abraham Lincoln, Truman pushed for a Civil Rights bill and the movement quickly started to escalate and it became one of the main issues of American politics. The next man to take office was John F Kennedy; Kennedy acted as though he had plans to address civil rights issues and is known for saying â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you†¦ask what you can do for your country† in his inaugural address( ). Kennedy’s plans were never met in his short time as president due to assignation in 1963. Kennedy dying meant Lyndon Johnson was the next president to take president and her went on to make the next big civil rights legislation when the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was established. It took the support of millions and the lives of thousands for our country to realize that people should not be segregated because of their ethnicity or color of their skin. One of the first and largest groups of civil rights movement supporters was young people and in particular college students. A college student in 1963 saw a very different daily landscape than a current college student sees today. Today kids grow up side by side with minority kids throughout their daily lives; back then they might have been the lucky few and grown up looking at blacks as equals, but more than likely they viewed them as inferiors, or even just plain animals. Then these young racists knew know better and went away to College and found themselves in one of the first places you could find support of the civil rights movement. There are many reasons to why the ball picked up speed so fast at universities. The first reason being the young people of the 60’s had not lived alongside slaves or indentured servants nor did they see the great depression or WW2 as had many of their parents and politicians of the times, so they had a different view on racism. The young people of the 60’s were viewed by the older generations specially those of the south, as being soft for not having to deal with the hardships they had to such as the great depression and the World Wars ( ). Instead of going to work before graduating high school like people in the1920’s and 1930’s people were graduating high school and even getting jobs. This caused for a more educated and affluent generation which usually runs along with having certain moral standings such as treating people of a different race equally to people of your own. With a generation bigger than ever before and more people going to college than ever before it caused for a huge explosion of self-freedom. There was many different ways students would show there want of freedom (Patterson 407-408). A very common practice in the 1960’s was for blacks and fellow college students to have sit-in’s at all white diners or transportation places. These sit-ins consisted of a group or single African American going in and taking a seat where only whites are allowed to sit and refuse to leave. Hundreds of sit-ins occurred around the nation and many taking place on university campuses run by students themselves. Several of these sit-ins are famed for the effectiveness they afterwards achieved and others for the violence that was caused upon the protestors (Patterson 382-386).The most famous case is the story of Rosa Parks. Rosa Parks was on a public bus in the racist Montgomery, Alabama when the bus driver asked her to give her colored seat to a white man, because the white section was full. Rosa refused to get out of her seat and it resulted in her getting arrested. Rosa was not the first African American to refuse leaving her seat for a white person but she was viewed by th e NAACP as the best case to fight in court.( ) In the famous words of Jesse Jackson, â€Å"In many ways, history is marked as ‘before’ and ‘after’ Rosa Parks. She sat down in order that we all might stand up, and the walls of segregation began to come down( ).The support of white students to follow fellow African American students to sit-ins was not always there. Local and national news stations started to air live footage of what was happening on the streets to protestors of segregation. The emotion put on a young college student when they see one of their peers that attend college to get an education just like them gets blasted with a fire hose from ten feet away or gets viciously attacked by police dogs. This picture caused thousands of other students to want to fight for change as well. Along with the new access to live feed news there were people such as Martin Luther King Jr. who were doing all they could to paint the realistic picture of the life of an American black man during segregation. Luther got his point across in multiple ways including his famous memoir, â€Å"Why We Can’t Wait†, in this memoir he explains how horrible the everyday life of an African American in America can be and how politicians for years have just looked over the horrific treatment of blacks and that it has been too long and the time is now(King Jr 11-13). Besides the sit-ins occurring across the nation African Americans and whites were also organizing marches to protest segregation as well. Along with the marches inspiring speeches such as Martin Luther King’s famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech were given. King’s 17 minute speech that was given in front of over 250,000 Americans on the steps of Lincoln Memorial, is one of the most well-known and moving speeches in American history(Patterson385-386). A large number of the people in the crowd were college students, due to the appeal Martin Luther King drew from young people. He gained this appeal by talking of equality of races and the chance for any man or woman to become whatever they pleased and not be held back due to race, religion or any other difference a person may have. While students saw the abuse blacks were taking simply for the color of their skin they started to join together on marches and attending civil rights rallies. The more the King, Thurgood Marshall, Rosa Parks, and many others protested and spread the word of unfair treatment the more support of younger generation people began to support the civil rights movement. Another reason for the large involvement of college students within the civil rights movement of the 1960’s was due to the dramatically growing amount of student organized groups that were fighting for true democracy and equality to all. One of these organizations was the Students for Democratic Society (SDS). SDS was founded in 1960 but had roots dating to the early 1900’s; the goal of SDS was to mainly protest and voice the message that equality to all and peaceful means makes a successful country ( ). SDS was not the only organization that was taking big steps to get the civil rights movement moving, there were hundreds if not thousands of organizations that were meeting about and protesting the civil rights movement. These groups were known for telling young people what they wanted to hear and some even became militant groups. Membership in these organizations grew drastically once Lyndon Johnson started sending more and more troops into Vietnam. The Vietnam War itself had little impact on the civil rights movement of the United States, but it did however portray the world image that America was not going to let communistic governments take control of countries and deny their own people of civil rights. Many Americans did not agree with the war and saw it was neither the time nor the place to go and fight a war on foreign soil when the devastating effects of WW2 were still in the back of people’s minds. The largest critic of the war was overwhelming young people, they saw themselves as the ones being sent to die for a reason that was not worthy of American lives. Though segregation and a war in Asia seem to have little in common on the surface, during the reform of the 1960’s they found each other going hand in hand. Many African Americans of the United States believed that if we were fighting in a foreign country to reserve their people’s civil rights, then they would soon get their civil rights protected as well. They were mistaken and by this and the huge support of the anti-war movement and the animosity growing against the current segregation laws molded into one giant movement. This movement being carried by young people, who saw the possibility of change, carried throughout the nation and became the biggest civil rights movement in American history since abolishing slavery (Patterson 413-422). Now that we have an idea of what growing up with segregation looks like and how it can split a nation in two, I think I can say that joining the activist movement when it began in the 1960’s was almost a no brainer to many young people of that generation. They had a tremendous amount of pressure from their fellow black peers to be viewed as equals, they had an unwanted war fueling a large part of the country, and they were also a generation that believed in change and ending the horrible acts that were committed under segregation. With all the pressures from outside sources and the generation as a whole going through a freedom crisis, college students came together and became the perfect torch barrier’s for the civil rights movement.